Differences between C3 and C4 plants
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Process of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is an oxidation-reduction process in which water is oxidized and CO2 is reduced to carbohydrates and water, and O2 molecules are by-products. The reduction of CO2 to carbohydrate level needs assimilatory powers such as ATP and NADPH2 . Reduction of CO2 occurs in dark ( light-independent ) but the production of assimilatory powers takes place in the presence of light and the process is light-dependent. Thus, Photosynthesis consists of two phases : 1. Light-dependent phase (light reaction or Hill reaction) and ` 2. Light-independent phase (dark reaction or Blackman’s reaction).
Pseudocyclic Photophosphorylation
Amon et al.(1954) demonstrated yet another kind of phosphorylation. They observed that: 1. In the absence of CO2 and NADP, it can produce ATP from ADP and PI in the presence of FMN (Flavine Mono Nucleotide) or vitamin K and O2. 2. The process is very simple. 3. It requires no chemical change except for the formation of ATP and water. 4. This is also called Oxygen-dependent FMN catalyzed photophosphorylation or pseudocyclic photophosphorylation involving reduction of FMN with the production of O2. II. PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS (OR) DARK REACTION (OR) BLACKMAN’S REACTION (Activities found in stroma). The dark reaction of photosynthesis is purely enzymatic and slower than the primary photochemical reaction. It takes place in the stroma portion of chloroplast and is independent of light, i.e., it can occur either in the presence or absence of light. The main credit for investigating the sequences of dark reactions in photosynthesis goes to Melvin Calvin who was awarded Nobel P...
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