Differences between C3 and C4 plants


 

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Structure of photosynthetic Pigments

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Chlorophylls : * They are magnesium porphyrin compounds * The porphyrin ring consists of four pyrrole rings joined together by CH bridges. * A long chain of C atoms called as Phytol chain is attached to the porphyrin ring. * Molecular formulae :                         Both the chlorophylls (a and b) consist of : Mg-Porphyrin head which is hydrophilic in nature and a Phytol tail possessing lipophilic properly. Difference between two chlorophylls In chlorophyll b there is -CHO (aldehyde) group, instead of a _CH3 (acetyl) group in chlorophyll a molecule. Synthesis of Chlorophyll * Chlorophyll is formed from protochlorophyllide in the presence of light with the loss of two hydrogen atoms as follows :                       Protochlorophyll               →                Chlorophyll   ...
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Structure of Chloroplast

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  Each chloroplast is surrounded by a double membrane system. The external surface of the outer membrane is smooth whereas the inner membrane is thrown into lamellated structure showing two distinct regions, called Stroma and Grana Lamellae. Stroma Stroma is the main site for the dark reaction of photosynthesis. It forms the matrix (ground substance) of the chloroplast. In the matrix, the lamellae are loosely arranged. The lamellae found in the stroma are called as Stroma Lamellae . Besides these structures, ribosomes and osmophilic granules are also found in the stroma. Besides photosynthesis, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolisms are also found to take place in the stroma region of the chloroplast. Grana Granum (= singular) is the most but complicated portion of the chloroplast. Light reaction of photosynthesis takes place only in the grana region of chloroplasts. About 40-60 grana are present in each chloroplast. In the granum region, the lamellae are compactly arranged j...
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